Global Warming on the Earths Surface

Dilkush Sharma

Global warming, Earths surface, climate change, surface temperature, ice loss, land-use change, fossil fuels, extreme weather, mitigation, adaptation, planetary health

Global warming is rapidly reshaping the Earth's surface, leading to unprecedented environmental changes. Recent records from 2024–2025 confirm that rising temperatures, melting ice, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are intensifying across regions. This paper synthesizes the latest scientific assessments, analyzes trends in land, ocean, and atmospheric systems, and evaluates socioeconomic and ecological impacts. Observed phenomena include global surface temperature anomalies exceeding historical records, substantial ice loss in Greenland and Antarctica, accelerated desertification, and shifting biomes. The study further explores the underlying anthropogenic and natural contributors to warming, focusing on fossil fuel emissions, land-use changes, and urbanization. Drawing from recent key indicators, the research discusses adaptation and mitigation strategies, outlines urgent challenges, and highlights opportunities for further research. The findings underscore the critical need for coordinated global action to maintain planetary health and safeguard human livelihoods in the face of rapid warming.