A Review on Cybersecurity: Threats, Challenges, and Mitigation Strategies

Km. Vipasha, Priti Singh

Cybersecurity frameworks, Data breach prevention, Cyber risk metrics, Cybersecurity awareness, Information security policies, Public-private collaboration.

Cybersecurity has become a critical concern in the modern digital world. As technology advances, the risks associated with cyber threats increase, posing significant challenges to individuals, organizations, and nations. This review paper highlights the key aspects of cybersecurity, including cyber threats, challenges, existing solutions, and the state of cybersecurity in India. Additionally, it provides a detailed overview of various strategies, tools, and policies that can mitigate cybersecurity risks and enhance protection against emerging cyberattacks.

Cyber threats like phishing, ransomware, Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, and data breaches continue to challenge individuals and organizations worldwide. In India, the rapid digitization of industries has led to a surge in cybercrime, highlighting the importance of a robust cybersecurity framework. Despite strict cyber laws, low public awareness and a fragmented legal structure hinder effective implementation. Emerging trends such as cloud computing, mobile networks, and the transition to IPv6 introduce new security risks that require innovative defense mechanisms.

Mitigation strategies discussed in this review include password security, antivirus software, firewalls, malware scanners, and data authentication techniques. Encryption remains a vital tool for safeguarding data, but its increased use poses additional challenges in cybersecurity management. The paper also emphasizes the need for collaboration between public and private sectors, standardized cyber risk metrics, and open data for improving resilience against cyber threats.

https://dx.doi.org/10.31873/IJEAS.12.04.04